See lufian on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
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}
],
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"alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"id": "en-lufian-enm-verb-TIFV94xA",
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
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]
}
],
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "luviȝe"
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
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],
"word": "luvyen"
},
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},
{
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "lufenn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lufu",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "lufu + -ian",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "luvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian luvia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lubōn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *lubōn, derived from the noun *lubu (“love”). Equivalent to lufu + -ian. Cognate with Old Frisian luvia, Old High German lubōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lufian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"links": [
[
"lufiġe",
"lufige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"links": [
[
"lufiġe",
"lufige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġen",
"links": [
[
"lufiġen",
"lufigen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġelufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lufġean",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lufian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "ang:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "ang:Love",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ġelufian"
},
{
"word": "lufiend"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
25
],
[
27,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
22
],
[
18,
23
],
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "If you want to be loved, love.",
"text": "Ġif þū wille bēon ġelufod, lufa.",
"translation": "If you want to be loved, love.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Jesus said about himself, \"I'm a good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me.\" That is, \"I love them, and they love me.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Second Sunday After Easter\"\nSē Hǣlend cwæþ be him, \"Iċ eom gōd hierde, and iċ oncnāwe mīn sċēap, and hīe oncnāwaþ mē.\" Þæt is, \"Iċ lufiġe hīe, and hīe lufiaþ mē.\"",
"translation": "Jesus said about himself, \"I'm a good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me.\" That is, \"I love them, and they love me.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "When you pray, don't be like hypocrites. They love to pray standing in synagogues and on street corners so that people will see them.",
"roman": "Þonne ġē ēow ġebidden, ne bēoþ ġē swelċe līċetteras. Þā lufiaþ þæt hīe ġebidden hīe standende on ġesamnungum and strǣta hyrnum þæt menn hīe ġesēon.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:5",
"translation": "When you pray, don't be like hypocrites. They love to pray standing in synagogues and on street corners so that people will see them.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Peter felt hurt because he asked him a third time, \"Do you love me?\" And he told him, \"Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.\"",
"roman": "Þā wæs Petrus sāriġ for þām þe hē cwæþ þriddan sīðe tō him, \"Lufast þū me?\" And hē cwæþ tō him, \"Dryhten, þū wāst eall þing; þū wāst þæt iċ þē lufiġe.\"",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 21:17",
"translation": "Peter felt hurt because he asked him a third time, \"Do you love me?\" And he told him, \"Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to love"
],
"id": "en-lufian-ang-verb-N-OMg8z-",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.fi.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.vi.ɑn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u.fi.ɑn"
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
{
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
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"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"links": [
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"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"alt-of",
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]
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
{
"derived": [
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"word": "ġelufian"
},
{
"word": "lufiend"
}
],
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"word": "luve"
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"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "loviȝe"
},
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
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"word": "lovin"
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lufian"
},
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"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lufiæn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lufiȝe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lufiȝen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "luvan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "luven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "luvie"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "luvien"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "luviȝe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "luviȝen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"word": "luvyen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "love"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "lufenn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lufu",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "lufu + -ian",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "luvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian luvia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lubōn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *lubōn, derived from the noun *lubu (“love”). Equivalent to lufu + -ian. Cognate with Old Frisian luvia, Old High German lubōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lufian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"links": [
[
"lufiġe",
"lufige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"links": [
[
"lufiġe",
"lufige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġen",
"links": [
[
"lufiġen",
"lufigen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġelufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lufġean",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lufian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/u.fi.ɑn",
"Rhymes:Old English/u.fi.ɑn/3 syllables",
"ang:Emotions",
"ang:Love"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
25
],
[
27,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
22
],
[
18,
23
],
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "If you want to be loved, love.",
"text": "Ġif þū wille bēon ġelufod, lufa.",
"translation": "If you want to be loved, love.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Jesus said about himself, \"I'm a good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me.\" That is, \"I love them, and they love me.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Second Sunday After Easter\"\nSē Hǣlend cwæþ be him, \"Iċ eom gōd hierde, and iċ oncnāwe mīn sċēap, and hīe oncnāwaþ mē.\" Þæt is, \"Iċ lufiġe hīe, and hīe lufiaþ mē.\"",
"translation": "Jesus said about himself, \"I'm a good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me.\" That is, \"I love them, and they love me.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "When you pray, don't be like hypocrites. They love to pray standing in synagogues and on street corners so that people will see them.",
"roman": "Þonne ġē ēow ġebidden, ne bēoþ ġē swelċe līċetteras. Þā lufiaþ þæt hīe ġebidden hīe standende on ġesamnungum and strǣta hyrnum þæt menn hīe ġesēon.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:5",
"translation": "When you pray, don't be like hypocrites. They love to pray standing in synagogues and on street corners so that people will see them.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Peter felt hurt because he asked him a third time, \"Do you love me?\" And he told him, \"Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.\"",
"roman": "Þā wæs Petrus sāriġ for þām þe hē cwæþ þriddan sīðe tō him, \"Lufast þū me?\" And hē cwæþ tō him, \"Dryhten, þū wāst eall þing; þū wāst þæt iċ þē lufiġe.\"",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 21:17",
"translation": "Peter felt hurt because he asked him a third time, \"Do you love me?\" And he told him, \"Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to love"
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.fi.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.vi.ɑn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u.fi.ɑn"
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lufian meaning in All languages combined (10.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.